And the grade of the cancer may also be important. Grade means how abnormal the cells look under the microscope. Most bladder cancers are diagnosed when they are still only in the bladder lining.
These are called early bladder cancers. Your doctor looks at all these factors. They use them to decide whether there is a low, medium intermediate or high risk of the cancer coming back or spreading into the muscle of the bladder. Your doctor will be able to tell you about your risk group and how this affects your outcome. You can read more statistics on survival rates and other factors for bladder cancer in our Cancer Statistics section.
The terms 1 year survival and 5 year survival don't mean that you will only live for 1 or 5 years. They watch what happens to people with cancer in the years after their diagnosis. But some people live much longer than this. Your treatment options depend on the stage, type and grade of your bladder cancer. See which treatments you might have, and how you have them.
A lot of practical and emotional support is available to you. Read advice on living with bladder cancer and find further resources and support. About Cancer generously supported by Dangoor Education since Questions about cancer? Call freephone 9 to 5 Monday to Friday or email us.
In either case, the cancer is only in the inner lining layer of the bladder. It has not invaded spread deeper into the bladder wall.
This early stage of bladder cancer is most often treated with transurethral resection TURBT with fulguration followed by intravesical therapy within 24 hours.
Sometimes no further treatment is needed. Cystoscopy is then done every 3 to 6 months to watch for signs that the cancer has come back. For low-grade slow-growing non-invasive papillary Ta tumors, weekly intravesical chemotherapy may be started a few weeks after surgery. If the cancer comes back, the treatments can be repeated.
Sometimes intravesical chemo is repeated over the next year to try to keep the cancer from coming back. High-grade fast-growing non-invasive papillary Ta tumors are more likely to come back after treatment, so intravesical BCG is often used after surgery. Before it's given, TURBT is commonly repeated to be sure the cancer has not affected the muscle layer.
BCG is usually started a few weeks after surgery and is given every week for several weeks. Intravesical BCG seems to be better than intravesical chemotherapy for high-grade cancers. It can help both keep these cancers from coming back and keep them from getting worse. But it also tends to have more side effects. It, too, may be done for the next year or so. Stage 0 bladder cancers rarely need to be treated with more extensive surgery. Partial or complete cystectomy removal of the bladder is considered only when there are many superficial cancers or when cancer continues to grow or seems to be spreading despite treatment.
Some doctors recommend repeating BCG treatment every 3 to 6 months. After treatment for any stage 0 cancer, close follow-up is needed, with cystoscopy about every 3 months for a least a couple of years to look for signs of the cancer coming back or new bladder tumors.
The outlook for people with stage 0a non-invasive papillary bladder cancer is very good. These cancers can be cured with treatment. During long-term follow-up care, more superficial cancers are often found in the bladder or in other parts of the urinary system.
Although these new cancers do need to be treated, they rarely are deeply invasive or life threatening. The long-term outlook for stage 0is flat non-invasive bladder cancer is not as good as for stage 0a cancers. These cancers have a higher risk of coming back, and may return as a more serious cancer that's growing into deeper layers of the bladder or has spread to other tissues.
Stage I bladder cancers have grown into the connective tissue layer of the bladder wall T1 , but have not reached the muscle layer. But it's done to help determine the extent of the cancer rather than to try to cure it. If no other treatment is given, many people will later get a new bladder cancer, which often will be more advanced. This is more likely to happen if the first cancer is high-grade fast-growing.
Even if the cancer is found to be low grade slow-growing , a second TURBT is often recommended several weeks later. If the doctor then feels that all of the cancer has been removed, intravesical BCG preferred or intravesical chemo is usually given.
Less often, close follow-up alone might be an option. If all of the cancer wasn't removed, options are intravesical BCG or cystectomy removal of part or all of the bladder. The bladder muscle is not involved. Bladder cancer is the 6th most common cancer in the United States. Nearly 84, people will be diagnosed in the United States with bladder cancer in Bladder cancer is more common in males than females. Three times more men than women tend to get this disease.
Bladder cancer is more common as a person grows older. It is found most often in the age group of More Caucasians than any other ethnicities seem to develop bladder cancer. However, there are more African-Americans who do not survive the disease. Cancer is when your body cells grow out of control. When this happens the body cannot work the way it should. Most cancers form a lump called a tumor or a growth.
Some cancers grow and spread fast. Others grow more slowly. Not all lumps are cancers. Cancerous lumps are sometimes called malignant tumors. The bladder is where the body stores urine before it leaves the body. Urine is what we call the liquid waste made by the kidneys. The bladder is a hollow organ in the pelvis with flexible, muscular walls. The bladder can get bigger or smaller as it fills with urine.
Urine is carried to the bladder through tubes called ureters. When you go to the bathroom, the muscles in your bladder will contract. They then push urine out through a tube called the urethra. When cells of the bladder grow abnormally, they can become bladder cancer. See More See Less. The bladder wall has many layers, made up of different types of cells.
Most bladder cancers start in the urothelium or transitional epithelium. This is the inside lining of the bladder. Transitional cell carcinoma is cancer that forms in the cells of the urothelium.
Bladder cancer gets worse when it grows into or through other layers of the bladder wall. Over time, the cancer may grow outside the bladder into tissues close by. Bladder cancer may spread to lymph nodes nearby and others farther away.
The cancer may reach the bones, the lungs, or the liver and other parts of the body. How do you know that you may have bladder cancer? Some people may have symptoms that suggest they have bladder cancer. Others may feel nothing at all. Some symptoms should never be ignored. You may need to talk to a urologist about your symptoms. A urologist is a doctor who focuses on problems of the urinary system and male reproductive system.
Blood in the urine is the most common symptom of bladder cancer. It is generally painless. Often, you cannot see blood in your urine without a microscope. If you can see blood with your naked eye you should tell your health care provider immediately.
Even if the blood goes away, you should still talk to your doctor about it. Blood in the urine does not always mean that you have bladder cancer. There are a number of reasons why you may have blood in your urine.
You may have an infection or kidney stones. But a very small amount of blood might be normal in some people. Frequent urination and pain when you pass urine dysuria are less common symptoms of bladder cancer.
If you have these symptoms, it's important to see your health care provider. People can get bladder cancer when they come into contact with tobacco or other cancer-causing agents. There also are some risks related to genes and certain types of infections. Another known risk factor is a type of radiation beam aimed at the pelvis. Patients with other cancers, such as lymphomas and leukemia, who receive treatment with the drug cyclophosphamide, may be at a higher risk for bladder cancer.
You are more likely to get bladder cancer if you smoke or breathe in tobacco smoke. Smoking tobacco may be the cause of half of all bladder tumors. If you smoke, you are more likely to get bladder cancer than those who have stopped smoking. Some things in the workplace may put you at a greater risk for bladder cancer. Contact with chemicals used to make plastics, paints, textiles, leather and rubber may cause bladder cancer. Your healthcare provider will first perform a full medical history and physical exam.
If your diagnosis is bladder cancer, additional tests will find out the stage of your disease. It will also give your doctor an idea of what treatment is best for you.
Some of these tests are described here. If any of these tests suggest that you have bladder cancer, the next step to confirm the diagnosis is a transurethral resection of a bladder tumor TURBT described below. You will likely be put to sleep for this procedure. The tissue sample will be sent to a laboratory where they will find out important information about your cancer. They will also see whether the cancer has spread.
This will help with choosing the right treatment. Other Additional Imaging tests: These tests may help your doctor diagnose and stage bladder cancer. Grade and stage are two important ways to measure and describe how cancer develops. A tumor grade tells how aggressive the cancer cells are. A tumor stage tells how much the cancer has spread. Grading is one of the ways to know if the disease will come back. Tumors can be low or high grade. High-grade tumor cells are very abnormal, poorly organized and tend to be more serious.
They are the most aggressive type. The tumor stage tells how much of the tissue has the cancer. Doctors can tell the grade and stage of bladder cancer by taking a small sample of the tumor.
This is called a biopsy. A pathologist in a lab examines the sample under a microscope and determines the grade and stage of the cancer. Bladder cancer is described by how far into the wall of the bladder the cancer has grown which is the clinical stage.
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancers are found in the inner layer cells of the bladder. These cancers do not invade the muscular wall. Over half of patients with low-grade Ta cancers will have a tumor recurrence. However, it is important that the disease is diagnosed early. This helps doctors predict the course of the disease and choose the best treatment to stop it from growing.
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