The first stone structure of the fortress was the Resurrection Military Cathedral, built in and preserved to this day. In the end of the 18th century, the Omsk fortress was one of the largest structures in the eastern part of the Russian Empire, its area was more than 30 hectares. In , it was transformed into a town named Omsk within the Tobolsk Governorate. In , the coat of arms of Omsk was approved.
Omsk became the center of management of the Siberian transport routes and the Siberian Cossack army, which not only guarded the South Siberian borders, but also made a huge contribution to the economic development of the steppe expanses of Kazakhstan, the annexation of Central Asia to the Russian Empire.
The fire of destroyed almost half of the town including the archive and the magistrate of Omsk with all the first archival documents. Therefore information about the life of Omsk in the 18th - early 19th centuries is scarce and fragmentary. In , the population of the town was about 9, people. It was made by the famous Petersburg architect V.
Geste, who took the city of St. Petersburg as a model with its wide avenues, huge neighborhoods, fountains, cast-iron bridges, and an abundance of green spaces. The composition of the population of Omsk was not quite usual. There are almost no trees. In summer, heat and wind with sand, in winter, a snowstorm. I have not seen nature. The town is dirty, military and highly depraved. By the second half of the 19th century, Omsk in its development outstripped many steppe towns and became not only an administrative, but also a commercial and industrial center.
In , in Omsk, there were 2, houses 31 stone houses , 34 factories and plants, about 20 thousand residents. In , the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway began, which gave a new impetus to the economy of Siberian towns and positively influenced Omsk. The development of the Trans-Siberian Railway caused an increase in the urban population due to migrants who came to work from the central part of the Russian Empire. According to the census, The town had 14 streets with a total length of more than km and 13 squares.
The beginning of the 20th century was a time of great changes for Siberia. Due to its favorable economic and geographical position - at the intersection of the railway and the Irtysh River, in the middle of a vast agricultural territory - Omsk quickly turned into a large transport, trade and industrial center of Western Siberia and Governor-Generalship of the Steppes Eastern and Central Kazakhstan.
Wholesale trade in bread, butter and other agricultural products was concentrated here. Omsk also became one of the industrial, social and cultural centers of Western Siberia. In , it had about Omsk became the most populous city in Siberia. Soviet power was finally established in the city in In the summer of , an event took place that had a decisive impact on the cultural and economic life of Omsk.
The functions of the administrative center of Siberia were transferred from it to the city of Novonikolaevsk future Novosibirsk. In , Omsk became the administrative center of a separate Omsk Oblast.
Over the years of industrialization, Omsk became one of the largest centers for agricultural engineering in the USSR. The metal-working industry also developed at a rapid pace.
In , Omsk numbered more than thousand people. During the Second World War, about industrial enterprises were evacuated to Omsk, as well as 60 hospitals, dozens of educational institutions, theaters, museums, and hundreds of thousands of refugees. In the post-war years, new enterprises were put into operation in Omsk, all existing factories and plants were reconstructed and expanded.
The industrial potential of the city was also strengthened by the Omsk oil refinery, the largest in the country. In connection with the rapid development of industry, especially petrochemical enterprises, the ecological situation deteriorated. The concentration of harmful substances in the air sharply increased. In , the population of Omsk was about thousand people.
In the ss, Omsk developed rapidly. The most pressing problem was the ecological situation. Omsk was in the top 10 cities of Russia in terms of environmental pollution. Another problem that required an immediate solution was the development of passenger transport. The capacity of Omsk streets was exhausted, and therefore the construction of the subway became an urgent issue. The economic crisis that gripped Russia after the collapse of the USSR had a negative impact on the economy of Omsk and the region as a whole.
There was a significant decline in industrial production, construction volumes fell, and unemployment rose. A lot of organizations of the defense complex, research institutes, and design bureaus found themselves in a deep crisis without the state defense order. The share of mechanical engineering and metalworking, light industry, and, to a lesser extent, chemical and petrochemical, forestry and woodworking industries decreased.
At the same time, the share of the fuel industry, energy, and construction materials industry began to grow. In the s, Omsk again became one of the most important economic centers of Western Siberia with a developing mechanical engineering, petrochemical industry, various branches of the woodworking, construction industry, and a highly productive agro-industrial complex. Omsk is located in the south of the West Siberian Plain at the confluence of the Om River into the Irtysh, about km from the border of Russia with Kazakhstan.
It depicts a part of the brick fortifications, which symbolizes the reason for its foundation as a fortress and the center of the Siberian defensive line. Omsk belongs to the temperate climatic zone with a continental climate of the forest-steppe of the West Siberian belt. It is distinguished by an abundance of sunlight. It attracts businessmen and tourists from other Russian cities and countries.
Magnificent churches, cultural sites and Russian hospitality make Omsk a nice holiday destination. Historical Overview. Omsk was founded in On the order of Peter I, Lieutenant Colonel Buchholz landed with a detachment of soldiers and Cossacks at the Om River and founded a fortress which became known as Omsk.
This fortress was built to protect Siberia from nomads. The fortress stood there for more than 50 years. In , on the initiative of General I. Springer, the commander of the Siberian Corps, a new fortress was built on the right bank of the Om River. It featured improved engineering structures. In August , the Omsk fortress became one of ten district settlements of the Tobolsk governorship, and in October it was given the status of a city.
Two independent governorships, West Siberian and East Siberian, were founded in Omsk was chosen as a place of permanent residence of the governor-general. As a result, Omsk became the main city of Western Siberia. The construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway influenced the development of the region and made Omsk a major transportation centre with an advantageous geographic location at the crossroads of the Irtysh River and the mainland railway line.
The bridge across the Irtysh River was built in March , when it became the railway line between Chelyabinsk and Novosibirsk. In the 19thth centuries, Omsk turned into one of the largest industrial and cultural centres of Western Siberia. New buildings in the classical architectural style appeared in Omsk at the beginning of the 20th century for example, the Treasury Chamber and the provincial treasury.
The Moscow shopping arcade, designed by the famous architect P. Dessin, was built on Chernavinsky Lubinsky Avenue in The construction of a drama theatre was completed in The house of judicial institutions, the Railway Administration and other buildings were built during that time.
After October , the city became the political centre of Soviet power in Western Siberia. Kolchak, who declared Omsk the capital of Siberia. A convenient geographical position, a developed system of institutions and political stability made Omsk one of the largest economic, scientific and cultural centres in Russia.
The Trans-Siberian railway, the Irtysh River and the airport ensured its rapid and comprehensive development. The airport is conveniently located around six miles away and the hotel can arrange private transportation to the major train station, just a short drive across town.
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Founded in , the secluded city of Omsk is now the second-largest in Western Siberia, located on the banks of the Irtysh and Om rivers. This historic city started out as a fortress on the left bank of the Om River to protect the Russian Empire against attacks from the Southern and Western borders.
It has expanded exponentially over time, becoming the capital of Western Siberia and parts of Central Asia by the s. In the late s, the construction of the iconic Trans-Siberian Railway led to its rapid development, culminating in the ever-developing and enticing city it is today.
Lyubinsky Avenue Lyubinsky Avenue is an awe-inspiring ensemble of impressive architecture and styles.
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