Once these issues were addressed, most dogs survived their open heart surgery, and the heart-lung machine was ready for use in humans. In John Gibbon realised his year vision and performed the first successful operation on a human using the heart-lung machine. The patient, Cecelia Bavolek, whose heart was connected to the machine for 45 minutes, recovered fully from the operation. However, the technique still had a major flaw; the heart was left beating during surgery with some blood still reaching it, and this made it messy and difficult to operate on.
The problem was again investigated using animals. Meanwhile, just 10 miles away at the Mayo Cinic, Dr. John H. Kirklin pursued a mechanical solution that had so far proved elusive. As a medical student, he had long dreamed of the possibilities of open-heart surgery, including a treatment for the very ailment afflicting Brabeck.
In a paper he co-authored on the first 50 years of open-heart surgery, Dr. Richard C. In , Kirklin assembled a team of doctors and engineers at Mayo to find such a method. Working off blueprints from a machine developed by John H.
In tests, nine of 10 dogs survived up to 60 minutes on the heart-lung machine without discernable ill effects. By , the time had come to test the new heart-lung bypass machine on humans. Kirklin focused on children with potentially fatal heart defects that could be repaired with surgery. At the time, only one in five children born with serious heart defects lived to celebrate their first birthdays. Desperate parents, like the Brabecks, volunteered their ailing children to Kirklin in hope of a cure.
Thus, at the age of five, Brabeck, was among a group of 16 children with potentially fatal heart maladies who were selected for the first operations employing the new but still unproven heart-lung bypass machine at the Mayo. After watching a female patient deteriorate and die in surgery as a result of a postoperative pulmonary embolism, Dr. John Gibbon was determined to create a heart-lung apparatus that could keep patients alive in the operating room. And that day finally arrived in spring when Gibbon placed an year-old woman on cardiopulmonary bypass for 26 minutes to repair a large secundum atrial septal defect.
Unfortunately for Gibbon, his next four open-heart surgery patients died, which led him to stop operating. Thankfully, Drs. Go to the U of M home page. Figure 4. Diagram of cross-circulation. Figure 5. Richard DeWall is shown here with his model in Figure 6.
Richard DeWall and Vincent Gott look at the first commercially manufactured sterile bubble oxygenator in All rights reserved. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. Privacy Statement. Hypothermia Worldwide, one of the next major milestones in cardiac surgery was the first open-heart surgery performed using hypothermia, a procedure first attempted in by Drs.
Cross-circulation Extracorporeal circulation by controlled cross-circulation was introduced clinically in , after rigorous animal experimentation Figure 4. Lillehei-DeWall Bubble Oxygenator Importantly, John Gibbon, MD, from Boston, invented the cardiopulmonary bypass procedure and performed the first intracardiac repair using extracorporeal perfusion in
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